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Book XIII 
Dart: Segmentation - The Head Leads

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Book XIII examines the significance of the segmental development of the human body, including the creation of the integrated neuro-muscular-skeletal system, which in turn has practical implications for the head-neck relationship. The way in which "the head leads" is investigated: in movement (e.g., birth, Douglas’ “equipoise of the joints”) and in ontogenetic and phylogenetic development (e.g., as Dart writes, that the parts first developed are those for seeing, smelling, food-seeking and seizing, tasting, swallowing, and breathing.)

The mechanisms that allow the head to take this role of ‘leading’ are also examined. This includes how the head is stabilized and supported (e.g., spinal curves, accessory nerve innervating the sternomastoid and trapezius) and how its balance is affected (e.g., position of jaw, suspensory muscles of the larynx). 



In connection to all other topics covered throughout these books, the cranial nerves and their ramifications are again presented. As is central to all Alexander Technique work, the book concludes with the psychophysical characterization of the human system, using Zahn’s discussion of learning to align the intellectual mind with the autonomic nervous system.

View Book XIII as Slide Show

XIII.1 Anatomist’s Tribute to F.M. Alexander: excerpt (Dart)
XIII.2 Segmentation (Dawkins; Dart; Halstead)
XIII.3 Chimp and human: head, neck, back (Tobias)
XIII.4 Crania of 4 primates (Tobias)
XIII.5 Antagonistic action: head/neck/back (Dimon)
XIII.6 Balance (Goddard) and the temporo-mandibular joint (Bridgman)
XIII.7 Cranial somites (Halstead) and embryo segmentation (Dart)
XIII.8 Segmentation: Its significance
XIII.9 Facial cavities
XIII.10 Suboccipital muscles
XIII.11 Atlas and axis (Dimon)
XIII.12 Atlanto-Occipital Joints p1 (Douglas)
XIII.13 Atlanto-Occipital Joints p2 (Douglas)
XIII.14 Suboccipital Muscles (Dimon)
XIII.15 Functional Significance of Mastoid Process (Krantz)
XIII.16 Functional Significance of Mastoid Process (Krantz)
XIII.17 Sternomastoid
XIII.18 Head-neck-back (Dimon)
XIII.19 Infrahyoid Muscles
XIII.20 Muscles supporting hyoid bone and larynx (Dimon)
XIII.21 Suprahyoid: muscles of deglutition
XIII.22 Head and neck: structures affecting height and angle (F.P. Jones)
XIII.23 X-ray of Head and Neck (F.P. Jones)
XIII.24 Jaw: position in speech (Dimon)
XIII.25 Larynx suspended (Dimon)
XIII.26 Mlle Lala (Degas) with Anatomist's Tribute excerpt (Dart)
XIII.27 Seated yogi: with notes from Murray
XIII.28 Somites and embryo segmentation: 2 and 5 weeks (Dart)
XIII.29 Embryo segmentation: 5 weeks (Dart)
XIII.30 Dermatomes in quadrupedal position
XIII.31 Segmentation: early maturity and dermatomes
XIII.32 Dermatomes (Kapit and Elson)
XIII.33 Spinal cord and nerve roots (Cole)
XIII.34 Cutaneous nerve patterns: head and neck
XIII.35 Neck: external features and underlying structures
XIII.36 Cranial nerves: overview
XIII.37 Embryo, 8 weeks, and Spiral lines of force (Dart)
XIII.38 Dermatomes: front view (Cole)
XIII.39 Dermatomes: back view (Cole)
XIII.40 Central nervous system: spinal cord segments (Cole)
XIII.41 Spinal cord and nerve roots (Cole)
XIII.42 Dermatomes with text (Cole)
XIII.43 Pulley mechanism of spinal movement (Grundy)
XIII.44 Central nervous system: spinal nerve plexuses
XIII.45 Dermatomes: full body, anterior and posterior (Netter)
XIII.46 Nerves: skin sensory receptor densities
XIII.47 Cranial nerves: supply to head and neck muscles
XIII.48 How the head leads (Dart)
XIII.49 Ramifications of the cranial nerves (Murray)
XIII.50 The whispered ah: cranial and spinal nerve involvement (Murray)
XIII.51 Psycho-physical basic practice (Zahn)
XIII.52 Autonomic nervous system and functions
XIII.53 Polyvagal Theory (Porges)
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