Book VIII 
Dart Double Spiral

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Book VIII presents the spiral arrangement of the human body. It begins with Dart's discussion of the development of the spiral: embryological somites differentiate various regions of the human body and mark the beginning of the ability for directive mobility, such as side-to-side movement and dorso-ventral flexion/extension. Later, spinal curves allow control of the head and upright locomotion, and layered spiral musculature contributes to variety and versatility of movement. Also emphasized are the connections between neuro-muscular-skeletal system and movement.

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View Book VIII as Slide Show

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VIII.1 Segmentation: Its Significance (Murray)

VIII.2 Somites: 14 days (Dart)

VIII.3 Embryo segmentation: 5 weeks, with text (Dart)

VIII.4 Embryo muscle development: 8 weeks (Dart)

VIII.5 Spiral lines of force (IAHP Journal 1968, Dart)

VIII.6 Vertebral column (Netter)

VIII.7 Spinal cord: CNS and nerve plexuses (Netter)

VIII.8 Dermatomes: C2-S4, head/neck/back (Netter)

VIII.9 Spinal cord and nerve roots (Cole)

VIII.10 Vertebrate developmental sequence (Dart)

VIII.11 Segmentation: early maturity and dermatomes

VIII.12 Pulley mechanism of spinal movement: two views (Grundy)

VIII.13 Skeleton of head, neck, and back: posterior view

VIII.14 Spinal Engine Theory: spinal curve development (Gracovetsky)

VIII.15 Spinal Engine Theory: lateral view of subject (Gracovetsky)

VIII.16 Spinal Engine Theory: pelvis shoulder rotation (Gracovetsky)

VIII.17 Spinal Engine Theory: ligaments of lower back (Gracovetsky)

VIII.18 Back musculature: deep layers

VIII.19 Muscles of back: deep layers (Netter)

VIII.20 Muscles of back: intermediate layers (Netter)

VIII.21 Muscles of back: superficial layers

VIII.22 Mlle Lala at the Cirque Fernando (Degas)

VIII.23 Spiral lines (Myers)

VIII.24 Abdominal layers: spiral 1 (RAF)

VIII.25 Abdominal layers: spiral 2 (RAF)

VIII.26 Abdominal layers: spiral 3 (RAF)

VIII.27 Abdominal layers: spiral 4 (RAF)

VIII.28 Spiral: back view (RAF)